2 Samuel 2:23

Authorized King James Version

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Howbeit he refused to turn aside: wherefore Abner with the hinder end of the spear smote him under the fifth rib, that the spear came out behind him; and he fell down there, and died in the same place: and it came to pass, that as many as came to the place where Asahel fell down and died stood still.

Original Language Analysis

וַיְמָאֵ֣ן Howbeit he refused H3985
וַיְמָאֵ֣ן Howbeit he refused
Strong's: H3985
Word #: 1 of 26
to refuse
לָס֗וּר to turn aside H5493
לָס֗וּר to turn aside
Strong's: H5493
Word #: 2 of 26
to turn off (literally or figuratively)
וַיַּכֵּ֣הוּ smote H5221
וַיַּכֵּ֣הוּ smote
Strong's: H5221
Word #: 3 of 26
to strike (lightly or severely, literally or figuratively)
אַבְנֵר֩ wherefore Abner H74
אַבְנֵר֩ wherefore Abner
Strong's: H74
Word #: 4 of 26
abner, an israelite
מֵאַֽחֲרָ֔יו behind H310
מֵאַֽחֲרָ֔יו behind
Strong's: H310
Word #: 5 of 26
properly, the hind part; generally used as an adverb or conjunction, after (in various senses)
הַֽחֲנִית֙ of the spear H2595
הַֽחֲנִית֙ of the spear
Strong's: H2595
Word #: 6 of 26
a lance (for thrusting, like pitching a tent)
אֶל him under H413
אֶל him under
Strong's: H413
Word #: 7 of 26
near, with or among; often in general, to
הַחֹ֗מֶשׁ the fifth H2570
הַחֹ֗מֶשׁ the fifth
Strong's: H2570
Word #: 8 of 26
the abdomen (as obese)
וַתֵּצֵ֤א came out H3318
וַתֵּצֵ֤א came out
Strong's: H3318
Word #: 9 of 26
to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively, direct and proxim
הַֽחֲנִית֙ of the spear H2595
הַֽחֲנִית֙ of the spear
Strong's: H2595
Word #: 10 of 26
a lance (for thrusting, like pitching a tent)
מֵאַֽחֲרָ֔יו behind H310
מֵאַֽחֲרָ֔יו behind
Strong's: H310
Word #: 11 of 26
properly, the hind part; generally used as an adverb or conjunction, after (in various senses)
נָ֨פַל fell down H5307
נָ֨פַל fell down
Strong's: H5307
Word #: 12 of 26
to fall, in a great variety of applications (intransitive or causative, literal or figurative)
שָׁ֖ם H8033
שָׁ֖ם
Strong's: H8033
Word #: 13 of 26
there (transferring to time) then; often thither, or thence
וַיָּמֹ֖ת and died H4191
וַיָּמֹ֖ת and died
Strong's: H4191
Word #: 14 of 26
to die (literally or figuratively); causatively, to kill
תַּחְתָּ֑ו in the same place H8478
תַּחְתָּ֑ו in the same place
Strong's: H8478
Word #: 15 of 26
the bottom (as depressed); only adverbially, below (often with prepositional prefix underneath), in lieu of, etc
וַיְהִ֡י H1961
וַיְהִ֡י
Strong's: H1961
Word #: 16 of 26
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
כָּל H3605
כָּל
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 17 of 26
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
הַבָּ֣א and it came to pass that as many as came H935
הַבָּ֣א and it came to pass that as many as came
Strong's: H935
Word #: 18 of 26
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
אֶל him under H413
אֶל him under
Strong's: H413
Word #: 19 of 26
near, with or among; often in general, to
הַמָּקוֹם֩ to the place H4725
הַמָּקוֹם֩ to the place
Strong's: H4725
Word #: 20 of 26
properly, a standing, i.e., a spot; but used widely of a locality (general or specific); also (figuratively) of a condition (of body or mind)
אֲשֶׁר H834
אֲשֶׁר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 21 of 26
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
נָ֨פַל fell down H5307
נָ֨פַל fell down
Strong's: H5307
Word #: 22 of 26
to fall, in a great variety of applications (intransitive or causative, literal or figurative)
שָׁ֧ם H8033
שָׁ֧ם
Strong's: H8033
Word #: 23 of 26
there (transferring to time) then; often thither, or thence
עֲשָׂהאֵ֛ל where Asahel H6214
עֲשָׂהאֵ֛ל where Asahel
Strong's: H6214
Word #: 24 of 26
asahel, the name of four israelites
וַיָּמֹ֖ת and died H4191
וַיָּמֹ֖ת and died
Strong's: H4191
Word #: 25 of 26
to die (literally or figuratively); causatively, to kill
וַֽיַּעֲמֹֽדוּ׃ stood still H5975
וַֽיַּעֲמֹֽדוּ׃ stood still
Strong's: H5975
Word #: 26 of 26
to stand, in various relations (literal and figurative, intransitive and transitive)

Analysis & Commentary

Howbeit he refused to turn aside: wherefore Abner with the hinder end of the spear smote him under the fifth rib, that the spear came out behind him; and he fell down there, and died in the same place: and it came to pass, that as many as came to the place where Asahel fell down and died stood still.

This verse contributes to the narrative of David Becomes King of Judah, emphasizing divine timing, patience in promises. The Hebrew vayyimloch (וַיִּמְלֹךְ, 'and he reigned') marks David's official royal status over Judah at Hebron. The seven-year period before ruling all Israel demonstrates patient trust in God's timing. Theological themes include divine election, the gradual unfolding of God's promises through historical process, and the reality that human resistance to God's plans produces genuine suffering.

Historical Context

The historical setting of 2 Samuel 2 occurs during David's reign (circa 1010-970 BCE) over Israel's united monarchy. Archaeological discoveries, including the Tel Dan inscription mentioning the 'House of David,' corroborate biblical historicity. Ancient Near Eastern customs regarding divine timing, patience in promises provide crucial background. The geopolitical situation involved regional powers—Philistines, Ammonites, Arameans, Moabites, Edomites—as David consolidated and expanded Israel's territory. Cultural practices concerning kingship, warfare, covenant relationships, family dynamics, and religious observance differed significantly from modern Western contexts, requiring careful attention to avoid anachronistic interpretation while extracting timeless theological principles applicable across cultures and eras.

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